Single Displacement Reaction ( Substitution Reaction )

                       In single displacement reaction one element replaced from a compound by another element. It is also known as substitution reaction or single replacement reaction.

Types  :
* cation replacement . ( positively charged ions mostly metals )
* anion replacement . ( negatively charged ions  mostly non-metals )

General Formula :
A     +      BC        ---->       AB     +       C
A     +      BC        ---->       AC     +       B

Examples:

Cl₂  +  2NaBr    →   2NaCl   +   Br₂

Cu   +   2AgNO₃  → Cu(NO₃)   +   2Ag

Zn    +  2HCl    →  ZnCl₂   +  H₂

Fe    +  CuSO₄  →   FeSO₄     +   Cu

Zn    +  CuCl₂    →  ZnCl₂  +  Cu

Cl₂   +   2KBr    →  2KCl   +  Br₂

Br₂   +   2KI     →   2KBr   +   I₂

Decomposition Reaction ( Analysis Reaction )

                          In decomposition reaction a compound is broken into elements or simpler compounds. It is also known analysis reaction.

General Reaction:
            AB       ----->   A     +      B

Example :
Split into two elements.

2H₂O    →   2H₂    +   O₂

MgCl₂    →  Mg    +   Cl₂

2KCl    →     2K    +     Cl₂

FeS       →  Fe    +    S

2KClO₃    →   2KCl     +    3O₂

Split into two simpler compounds.

CaCO₃  →  CaO  +  CO₂

H₂CO₃  →  H₂O  +  CO₂

Na₂CO₃  →  Na₂O  +  CO₂

Synthesis Reaction ( Combination Reaction )

                    A chemical reaction of two or more substances react to give a single product. It is also known as combination.
General Formula :
      A     +       B       ---->     AB
A and B are elements or compound.

Example:

2Na  +  Cl₂  →  2NaCl

8Fe  +  S₈   →  8FeS

Cao  +  H₂O  →  Ca(OH)₂

2CO  +  O₂  →  2CO₂

4Fe  +  3O₂  →  2Fe₂O₃

Zn  +  I₂    →  ZnI₂  

Types Of Colloidal Dispersion

Solute	Solvent	Dispersion	Name	Example
Solid	Solid	Solid In Solid	Solid Sol	Pearl, Gemstone
Solid	Liquid	Solid In Liquid	Sol	Ink
Solid	Gas	Solid In Gas	Solid Aerosol	Dust, Smoke
Liquid	Solid	Liquid In Solid	Gel	Cheese, Butter
Liquid	Liquid	Liquid In Liquid	Emulsion	Milk
Liquid	Gas	Liquid In Gas	Liquid Aerosol	Cloud, Fog
Gas	Solid	Gas In Solid	Solid Foam	Cork
Gas	Liquid	Gas In Liquid	Foam	Soda water, Soap

Types Of Solution

SOLUTE	SOLVENT	TYPE	EXAMPLE
Solid                                ( Zinc )	Solid                ( Copper )	Solid In Solid	Brass
Liquid             ( Mercury )	Solid                ( Silver )	Liquid In Solid	Dental Amalgam
Solid                ( Salt )	Liquid                ( Water )	Solid In Liquid	Seawater
Liquid                 ( Acetic Acid )	Liquid               ( Water )	Liquid In Liquid	Vinegar
Gas                 ( CO2 )	Liquid              ( Water )	Gas In Solid	Soda Water
Gas              ( Air )	Gas                 ( Nitrogen )	Gas In Gas	Air

Relationship Between Atomic Number, Mass Number and Istope

* For Example :   In Carbon-12 and Carbon-14,
¹²₆C                                                          ¹⁴₆C
Neutron - 6                                             Neutron - 8
Proton    - 6                                             Proton    - 6
Electron - 6                                              Electron - 6
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 have same atomic number and different mass number. It's known as isotopes.

* A number of proton in an atom is known as atomic number. Carbon-12 and carbon-14 both of them ontain 6 protons so that the atomic number is 6.
                 Z = 6
Z ==> Atomic number.

*    In carbon-12 , the mass number is 12 and the atomic number is 6. Mass number is bigger than the atomic number.Mass number is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons.

Butyric Acid

          Butyric acid molecular is C₄H₈O<sub>2. It is a carboxylic acid and unpleasant smell. It is also known as butanoic acid and butyrates.

Sources :  Goat, Sheep, Buffalo and milk.</sub>