Decomposition Reaction ( Analysis Reaction )

                          In decomposition reaction a compound is broken into elements or simpler compounds. It is also known analysis reaction.

General Reaction:
            AB       ----->   A     +      B

Example :
Split into two elements.

2H₂O    →   2H₂    +   O₂

MgCl₂    →  Mg    +   Cl₂

2KCl    →     2K    +     Cl₂

FeS       →  Fe    +    S

2KClO₃    →   2KCl     +    3O₂

Split into two simpler compounds.

CaCO₃  →  CaO  +  CO₂

H₂CO₃  →  H₂O  +  CO₂

Na₂CO₃  →  Na₂O  +  CO₂

Synthesis Reaction ( Combination Reaction )

                    A chemical reaction of two or more substances react to give a single product. It is also known as combination.
General Formula :
      A     +       B       ---->     AB
A and B are elements or compound.

Example:

2Na  +  Cl₂  →  2NaCl

8Fe  +  S₈   →  8FeS

Cao  +  H₂O  →  Ca(OH)₂

2CO  +  O₂  →  2CO₂

4Fe  +  3O₂  →  2Fe₂O₃

Zn  +  I₂    →  ZnI₂  

Types Of Colloidal Dispersion

Solute	Solvent	Dispersion	Name	Example
Solid	Solid	Solid In Solid	Solid Sol	Pearl, Gemstone
Solid	Liquid	Solid In Liquid	Sol	Ink
Solid	Gas	Solid In Gas	Solid Aerosol	Dust, Smoke
Liquid	Solid	Liquid In Solid	Gel	Cheese, Butter
Liquid	Liquid	Liquid In Liquid	Emulsion	Milk
Liquid	Gas	Liquid In Gas	Liquid Aerosol	Cloud, Fog
Gas	Solid	Gas In Solid	Solid Foam	Cork
Gas	Liquid	Gas In Liquid	Foam	Soda water, Soap

Types Of Solution

SOLUTE	SOLVENT	TYPE	EXAMPLE
Solid                                ( Zinc )	Solid                ( Copper )	Solid In Solid	Brass
Liquid             ( Mercury )	Solid                ( Silver )	Liquid In Solid	Dental Amalgam
Solid                ( Salt )	Liquid                ( Water )	Solid In Liquid	Seawater
Liquid                 ( Acetic Acid )	Liquid               ( Water )	Liquid In Liquid	Vinegar
Gas                 ( CO2 )	Liquid              ( Water )	Gas In Solid	Soda Water
Gas              ( Air )	Gas                 ( Nitrogen )	Gas In Gas	Air

Relationship Between Atomic Number, Mass Number and Istope

* For Example :   In Carbon-12 and Carbon-14,
¹²₆C                                                          ¹⁴₆C
Neutron - 6                                             Neutron - 8
Proton    - 6                                             Proton    - 6
Electron - 6                                              Electron - 6
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 have same atomic number and different mass number. It's known as isotopes.

* A number of proton in an atom is known as atomic number. Carbon-12 and carbon-14 both of them ontain 6 protons so that the atomic number is 6.
                 Z = 6
Z ==> Atomic number.

*    In carbon-12 , the mass number is 12 and the atomic number is 6. Mass number is bigger than the atomic number.Mass number is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons.

Butyric Acid

          Butyric acid molecular is C₄H₈O<sub>2. It is a carboxylic acid and unpleasant smell. It is also known as butanoic acid and butyrates.

Sources :  Goat, Sheep, Buffalo and milk.</sub>

Stearic Acid

               Stearic acid molecular formula is C₁₈H₃₆O<sub>2. It is a waxy solid. Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid and also it is a colorless and odorless acid.

Source:  Animal fat And vegetable oil.</sub>

Lactic Acid

          Lactic acid molecular formula is C₃H₆O<sub>3. It is otherwise known as milk acid. Lactic acid has two optical isomers. One is known as L (+) Lactic acid Or (S) Lactic acid and its mirror image is D  (-)  Lactic acid or (R) lactic acid. Lactic acid is chiral. It is a syrupy carboxylic acid miscible with water or ethanol. Synthetic form of lactic acid used as a preservative in textile and pharmaceuticals.

Source :
      Dairy product, Soy sauce, Pickled vegetables.</sub>

Uric Acid

           Uric acid molecular formula is C₅H₄N₄O<sub>3. Uric acid is a white odorless,tasteless, crystalline product of protein metabolism, present in the blood and urine. It is hetero cyclic compound. High blood concentration of uric acid can lead to gout. 

Source :
        Lamb, Beef, Pork, Spinach, Cauliflower etc.</sub>

Acetic Acid

                    Acetic acid molecular formula is C₂H₄O<sub>2. It is a weak organic acid. It gives source taste and pungent smell. It is otherwise known ethanoic acid or methane carboxylic acid.

Source :  Vinegar.</sub>

Cholic Acid

            Cholic acid molecular formula is  C₂₄H₄₀O_{5. It is a white crystalline substance. It is insoluble in water. Chloic acid is the important human bile acid. ( Bile acids are steroid acids found in the bile of mammals.}

Citric Acid

            Citric acid molecular formula is C₆H₈O₇ . It is a weak organic acid. It gives source taste to food and drinks. And also it is used as a natural preservative. It is also known as 3-carboxy-3-hydroxy pentanedioic acid. It is a white crystalline powder at room temperature.

Source: 
    Lemon, Berries, Tomatoes, pineapple.

Bleaching Powder

        It's chemical name is calcium hypochlorite. Chemical formula is Ca(ClO)_{2. It is otherwise known as bleaching powder or calcium oxychloride. It is mostly used for water treatment as a bleaching agent.}