Make your own fossil :

Things needed :

             ·         Plasticine

             ·         2 paper cups

             ·         Plaster of paris

             ·         Water

             ·         An object that you would like to use as the fossilized impression

Instructions :

   v  Flatten a ball of plasticine until it is about 2 cm thick while making sure the top is smooth.

   v  Put the plasticine inside the paper cup with the smooth side facing up. Carefully press the object you want to fossilize into the plasticine until it is partially buried.

   v  Carefully remove the object from the plasticine. An impression of the object should be left behind.

   v  Pour half cup of plaster of paris and stir until the mixture is smooth.

   v  Leave it for around 2 minutes.

   v  When the mixture has thickened, pour it on top of the plasticine in the other cup. Leave the mixture until    the plaster has dried.

   v  When the plaster has fully dried, tear away the sides of the paper cup and take out the plasticine and plaster. Keep it in a warm dry place .

Effect of acid rain on rocks :

Things required :

•   Plastic cup
•  Vinegar
•   Water
•  Small piece of lime stone

How it’s react ?

 o   Take a plastic cup. Take half cup of vinegar. ( vinegar is an acid )

 o   Place a small piece of lime stone in the cup of vinegar.

 o   Allow it to soak for several days.

 o   Remove the lime stone and observe carefully.

Why ?

                 In nature when rain water combines with carbon dioxide in air or with carbon dioxide from decaying organic matter , carbonic acid is produced. When the acid flows through cracks in limestone, it chemically reacts with the rock forming dissolved calcium, which is carried away in water.

              

             

Effect of frost in rocks :

Things needed :

                 Two paper cups

                 Freezer

                 Plaster of paris

                 Water

                 Scissors

                 Butter knife

Ø  Take a cup of about 3 inches height.

Ø  Prepare plaster of paris in the cup.

Ø  Use the butter knife to cut a narrow one inch deep groove into the plaster of paris before it dries.

Ø  The grooves should not touch the edges of the container.

Ø  Allow it to dry completely.

Ø  Carefully tear the container away to reveal your block. Measure the size of the groove. Fill the groove with water and place the block in the freezer.

Ø  After the water has frozen, remove the block and record your observation. Allow the ice to melt and place it in the freezer again. Repeat this till the block brakes.

Make a sand stone :

Things needed :

v  Fine sand

v  Two paper cups

v  Water

v  Epsom salt

How to make ?

   v  Take a paper cup. Drop 1 inch of fine salt into it.

   v  Fill another cup with water  about 1 inch high.

   v  Add Epsom salt slowly with stirring still no more salt dissolves.

   v  Pour the Epsom salt solution over the sand in the cup. Stir well.

   v  Place the mixture in a place where it will dry.

   v  It will take few days to dry.

   v  When it is completely dry, take the paper cup away from the sand.

Sun loving algae

You will need :

A jar with a lid and some pond water, aluminum foil.

• ·         Fill the jar with the pond water , and cover it with a lid.
• ·          Wrap the jar up completely with aluminum foil. Make sure that there are no uncovered places.
• ·         Now cut a small hole, about 1 centimeter wide, in the foil.
• ·         Place the jar on a window sill. Turn the hole towards the light. Leave it there for few hours.
• ·         Carefully remove the foil without disturbing the water.
• ·         You will find that the algae has clustered around the spot where the light entered through the hole.

Water to Ink to Lemanite to alcohol

PROCEDURE :

• Take a beaker add tannic acid and 3 drops of ferric alum.It will be converted into ink.
• To the ink add citric acid. It will be converted into lemanite.
• To the lemanite add dilute ammonia. It will be converted into alcohol.
• To the alcohol add dilute sulphuric acid . It will be converted into water. 

Naphthalene Balls Dancing

MATERIALS :

• 500 ml beaker
• 400 ml water
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Citric acid
• Naphthalene ball

PROCEDURE :

• Take a 500 ml beaker add sodium bicarbonate ,citric acid and 400 ml of water. Cover the beaker with lid.
• Put naphthalene balls into the solution. The balls go up and down. It's look like a dance.

WHY ? 

            Sodium bicarbonate react with citric acid to evaporate carbon dioxide gas. So that the naphthalene balls going up and down.