Tuesday, October 15, 2013

Isomerism

         Compounds having same molecular formula but possessing different properties. This phenomenon is known as isomerism. There are two types of isomerisms.
                        ( i ) Structural isomerism.
                       ( ii ) Stereoisomerism.

Structural isomerism:
         Isomers which have the same molecular formula but differ in their structures. It is otherwise known as constitutional isomerism. It is opposed to stereoisomeris. Different types of structural isomers are given below.

  • Position isomerism.
  • Chain isomerism.
  • Functional isomerism.
Position isomerism:
         In position isomerism a functional group or other substituents changes position on a parent ( main carbon chain ) structure. It is otherwise known as regioisomerism.
Example:
Chain isomerism:
        Chain isomers differ in the structure of their chain ( carbon skeleton ). It is otherwise known as skeletal isomerism.
Example:

But pentane  C5H12  has three isomers.
Functional isomerism:
           Isomers have the same molecular formula but different functional groups are known as functional isomerism.
Example:  C3H6O 


Example: C2H6O
 CH3 – O – CH3    diethyl ether.
Carbon-oxygen-carbon chain functionality is called Ether.
 CH3 CH2 – O – H Ethanol.
Carbon-oxygen-hydrogen functionality is called Alcohol.

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